Russia offered India its cutting-edge Su-57E fifth-generation stealth fighter jet in June 2025, along with previously unheard-of access to the whole source code for the aircraft. According to defense and regional sources, Russia is now directly competing with the United States and its F-35 Lightning-II fighter, which has drastically changed the dynamics of India’s continuing hunt for a next-generation fighter.
India is modernizing its air force in response to changing security threats, especially those posed by Pakistan and China, its neighbors. An export version of Russia’s most sophisticated fighter, the Su-57E, is made to compete with the best Western aircraft. It can carry up to 10 tons of cargo, has a maximum speed of Mach 2, and a battle radius of roughly 1,500 kilometers. It is a strong candidate for air superiority and multi-role operations due to its stealth characteristics, sophisticated avionics, and extremely maneuverable engines.
The inclusion of the Su-57E’s source code is the most important component of Russia’s offer. In line with India’s “Make in India” campaign and its goal of technological independence, this would enable the country to independently adapt, repair, and improve the aircraft, integrate domestic technology, and lessen its dependency on foreign suppliers. This kind of access is almost unheard of in international arms treaties and contrasts sharply with the U.S. strategy that prevents even close allies from using the F-35’s proprietary software.
Many people consider the Lockheed Martin-built U.S. F-35 to be the most sophisticated stealth fighter in the world because of its superiority in sensor fusion, network-centric warfare, and electronic warfare. The F-35 program is strictly regulated, though, and not even the UK and Australia have complete source code access. This restricts partner countries’ capacity to domestically repair or customize the jet, which is a significant drawback for India’s requirements.
Another distinction is cost: the Su-57E is anticipated to cost $80 million per unit, but the F-35A costs about $110 million. Additionally, the logistics and maintenance of the F-35 are more complicated and reliant on the United States, which could put a burden on India’s resources. In contrast, integration and logistics are made easier by the Su-57E’s compatibility with India’s current Russian-origin systems (such as the Su-30MKI) and weaponry.
In terms of performance, the F-35 excels in networked and stealth operations, which makes it perfect for electronic warfare and coordinated missions. The Su-57E has more speed, maneuverability, and adaptability for high-altitude operations, which is essential for India’s many operational situations, including the Himalayas, even though it lags slightly in stealth.
Due in part to its desire to keep India as a vital defense partner in the face of Western sanctions and a contracting arms export market, Russia is willing to give sensitive technology, including source code and co-production rights. Over 60% of India’s military equipment has historically come from Russia, establishing a strong industrial and operational alliance.
The Su-57E agreement presents India with a special chance to advance its domestic Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) development. India might be able to advance faster in fields like radar, avionics, and propulsion with access to Russian technology, which could hasten the development of AMCA. Experts warn that India is unlikely to give up on its indigenous goals, viewing AMCA as a pillar of pride and independence.
The F-35, on the other hand, provides interoperability with Western systems and a deterrence against China’s regional ambitions, which is in line with India’s expanding strategic engagement with the United States and the Quad alliance. However, as was the case with the purchase of the S-400 air defense system, strengthening defense ties with Russia may subject India to U.S. sanctions under regulations like CAATSA.
India’s decision is made more difficult by the country’s rapidly declining squadron strength and pressing modernization requirements. The Su-57E provides technological independence, instant affordability, and smooth compatibility with current Russian systems. At a higher strategic and financial cost, the F-35 promises advanced capabilities, worldwide interoperability, and alignment with a superpower.
Both choices are risky: sanctions are causing manufacturing delays in Russia’s defense sector, which raises concerns regarding the Su-57E’s prompt delivery. India’s operational flexibility and self-reliance may be restricted by the F-35’s exorbitant costs and stringent technological regulations.
India is at a crucial juncture where it must balance the benefits of Western innovation and collaboration against the appeal of technological sovereignty. Russia is using the Su-57E’s source code offer as a calculated move to fight American advancements in India’s defense industry and maintain its influence in Asia. Despite having some technological advantages, the F-35 has restrictions that might not be in line with India’s long-term objectives.
In the end, India’s decision will impact its air force for many years, affecting its capacity to fend off enemies and establish regional supremacy. The world is now watching as New Delhi makes this crucial choice while striking a balance between affordability, independence, and strategic alignment in a security climate that is becoming more complicated by the day.
